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STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION – FOUNDATION WORKS

After agreeing on the plans with the client and obtaining the necessary approvals from the relevant building authorities, structural construction activities can commence. Site preparation plays a crucial role at the start of the construction, as leveling the work surface ensures efficient progress. Following site preparation, precise layout of the foundation is carried out. It is essential to accurately measure levels and dimensions to properly excavate the foundation base. Before concrete pouring, plumbing system components are installed in their designated places. Afterward, the excavated foundation is filled with high-quality concrete.

When laying the foundation, three key requirements must be considered:

• The foundation must bear the full load of the building, fulfilling its supporting function properly.
• To prevent thermal bridges and mold, ensure that the foundation has adequate thermal insulation.
• Proper waterproofing is essential to prevent groundwater from penetrating the building’s structure.

Taking into account soil characteristics and the advice of surveyors and designers, the foundation method is determined. For family houses, shallow foundations are most commonly used, created close to the ground surface. In contrast, deep foundations involve structural elements designed specifically for load distribution below the surface – such as pile foundations, drilled shafts, box foundations, or pneumatic foundations.

Next, concrete blocks are placed and filled with concrete. The excavated foundation interior is then backfilled with soil, and final concrete pouring begins.

STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION – WALL CONSTRUCTION

This phase also requires precision and accuracy in laying out the floor plan. Corner elements are installed first, followed by the construction of intermediate walls. Walls continue to be built until the locations for doors and windows are marked, after which lintels are put in place.

For quality brick walls, pay special attention to the following:

• Use as many whole bricks as possible; avoid half bricks!
• At lintels and corners, where loads are greatest, always use whole bricks!
• Ensure bricks and mortar have matching thermal insulation properties to prevent thermal bridges.

After the walls are built, a reinforced concrete ring beam is cast to distribute the weight coming from the roof evenly.

STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION – ROOF CONSTRUCTION

Finally, roof construction begins. This phase is particularly important as the roof protects the building from environmental factors, safeguards the structural elements, and influences the building’s longevity.

When constructing the roof, consider:

• The shape and pitch angle of the roof.
• Atmospheric and climatic conditions typical for the site.
• The altitude above sea level.

By carefully addressing these factors, the roof and the entire building structure—whether residential or commercial—will ensure long-lasting durability.